• More metal-organic frameworks, fewer problems: A self-supervised transformer model for property prediction

    Updated: 2023-07-31 21:46:03
    For decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been captivating researchers because of their wide range of applications: gas absorption, water harvesting, energy storage and desalination. Until now, quickly and inexpensively selecting the top performing MOFs for specific tasks has been challenging. Enter MOFormer, a machine learning model that can achieve higher accuracy on prediction tasks than leading models without explicitly relying on 3D atomic structures.

  • Harnessing the power of light: Advancements in photonic memory for faster optical computing

    Updated: 2023-07-31 21:29:02
    Technological advancements like autonomous driving and computer vision are driving a surge in demand for computational power. Optical computing, with its high throughput, energy efficiency, and low latency, has garnered considerable attention from academia and industry. However, current optical computing chips face limitations in power consumption and size, which hinders the scalability of optical computing networks.

  • Scientists create novel approach to control energy waves in 4D

    Updated: 2023-07-31 19:41:35
    Everyday life involves the three dimensions or 3D -- along an X, Y and Z axis, or up and down, left and right, and forward and back. But, in recent years scientists have explored a 'fourth dimension' (4D), or synthetic dimension, as an extension of our current physical reality.

  • When electrons slowly vanish during cooling

    Updated: 2023-07-31 16:07:43
    Many substances change their properties when they are cooled below a certain critical temperature. Such a phase transition occurs, for example, when water freezes. However, in certain metals there are phase transitions that do not exist in the macrocosm. They arise because of the special laws of quantum mechanics that apply in the realm of nature's smallest building blocks. It is thought that the concept of electrons as carriers of quantized electric charge no longer applies near these exotic phase transitions. Researchers have now found a way to prove this directly. Their findings allow new insights into the exotic world of quantum physics.

  • A new type of quantum bit in semiconductor nanostructures

    Updated: 2023-07-25 05:31:03
    Researchers have created a quantum superposition state in a semiconductor nanostructure that might serve as a basis for quantum computing. The trick: two optical laser pulses that act as a single terahertz laser pulse.

  • Theory for superfluid helium confirmed

    Updated: 2023-07-17 16:58:33
    Researchers have achieved a groundbreaking milestone in studying how vortices move in these quantum fluids. A new study of vortex ring motion in superfluid helium provides crucial evidence supporting a recently developed theoretical model of quantized vortices.

  • Researchers establish criterion for nonlocal quantum behavior in networks

    Updated: 2023-07-14 00:28:58
    A new theoretical study provides a framework for understanding nonlocality, a feature that quantum networks must possess to perform operations inaccessible to standard communications technology. By clarifying the concept, researchers determined the conditions necessary to create systems with strong, quantum correlations.

  • New superconductors can be built atom by atom

    Updated: 2023-07-13 19:20:39
    The future of electronics will be based on novel kinds of materials. Sometimes, however, the naturally occurring topology of atoms makes it difficult for new physical effects to be created. To tackle this problem, researchers have now successfully designed superconductors one atom at a time, creating new states of matter.

  • Despite doubts from quantum physicists: Einstein's theory of relativity reaffirmed

    Updated: 2023-07-13 19:19:52
    One of the most basic assumptions of fundamental physics is that the different properties of mass -- weight, inertia and gravitation -- always remain the same in relation to each other. Although all measurements to date confirm the equivalence principle, quantum theory postulates that there should be a violation. This inconsistency between Einstein's gravitational theory and modern quantum theory is the reason why ever more precise tests of the equivalence principle are particularly important. A team has now succeeded in proving with 100 times greater accuracy that passive and active gravitational mass are always equivalent -- regardless of the particular composition of the respective masses.

  • Controlling signal routing in quantum information processing

    Updated: 2023-07-13 19:19:37
    Routing signals and isolating them against noise and back-reflections are essential in many practical situations in classical communication as well as in quantum processing. In a theory-experimental collaboration, a team has achieved unidirectional transport of signals in pairs of 'one-way streets'. This research opens up new possibilities for more flexible signaling devices.

  • Physicists work to prevent information loss in quantum computing

    Updated: 2023-07-12 05:46:34
    Nothing exists in a vacuum, but physicists often wish this weren't the case. If the systems that scientists study could be completely isolated from the outside world, things would be a lot easier. Take quantum computing. It's a field that's already drawing billions of dollars in support from tech investors and industry heavyweights including IBM, Google and Microsoft. But if the tiniest vibrations creep in from the outside world, they can cause a quantum system to lose information.

  • Machine learning takes materials modeling into new era

    Updated: 2023-07-07 16:16:25
    The arrangement of electrons in matter, known as the electronic structure, plays a crucial role in fundamental but also applied research such as drug design and energy storage. However, the lack of a simulation technique that offers both high fidelity and scalability across different time and length scales has long been a roadblock for the progress of these technologies. Researchers have now pioneered a machine learning-based simulation method that supersedes traditional electronic structure simulation techniques. Their Materials Learning Algorithms (MALA) software stack enables access to previously unattainable length scales.

  • Finding the flux of quantum technology

    Updated: 2023-07-05 19:30:12
    We interact with bits and bytes everyday -- whether that's through sending a text message or receiving an email. There's also quantum bits, or qubits, that have critical differences from common bits and bytes. These photons -- particles of light -- can carry quantum information and offer exceptional capabilities that can't be achieved any other way. Unlike binary computing, where bits can only represent a 0 or 1, qubit behavior exists in the realm of quantum mechanics. Through "superpositioning," a qubit can represent a 0, a 1, or any proportion between. This vastly increases a quantum computer's processing speed compared to today's computers. Experts are now investigating the inside of a quantum-dot-based light emitter.

  • Research breakthrough could be significant for quantum computing future

    Updated: 2023-06-28 18:03:47
    Scientists using one of the world's most powerful quantum microscopes have made a discovery that could have significant consequences for the future of computing. Researchers have discovered a spatially modulating superconducting state in a new and unusual superconductor Uranium Ditelluride (UTe2). This new superconductor may provide a solution to one of quantum computing's greatest challenges.

  • Researchers make a quantum computing leap with a magnetic twist

    Updated: 2023-06-28 00:15:40
    Scientists and engineers have announced a significant advancement in developing fault-tolerant qubits for quantum computing. In a pair of articles, they report that, in experiments with flakes of semiconductor materials -- each only a single layer of atoms thick -- they detected signatures of 'fractional quantum anomalous Hall' (FQAH) states. The team's discoveries mark a first and promising step in constructing a type of fault-tolerant qubit because FQAH states can host anyons -- strange 'quasiparticles' that have only a fraction of an electron's charge. Some types of anyons can be used to make what are called 'topologically protected' qubits, which are stable against any small, local disturbances.

  • 'Toggle switch' can help quantum computers cut through the noise

    Updated: 2023-06-26 21:41:57
    What good is a powerful computer if you can't read its output? Or readily reprogram it to do different jobs? People who design quantum computers face these challenges, and a new device may make them easier to solve.

  • Nanophotonics: Coupling light and matter

    Updated: 2023-06-23 15:54:54
    Researchers have developed a metasurface that enables strong coupling effects between light and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs).

  • Combining twistronics with spintronics could be the next giant leap in quantum electronics

    Updated: 2023-06-21 21:46:45
    Quantum researchers twist double bilayers of an antiferromagnet to demonstrate tunable moiré magnetism.

  • New technique in error-prone quantum computing makes classical computers sweat

    Updated: 2023-06-15 03:06:09
    Today's quantum computers often calculate the wrong answer because of noisy environments that interfere with the quantum entanglement of qubits. IBM Quantum has pioneered a technique that accounts for the noise to achieve reliable results. They tested this error mitigation strategy against supercomputer simulations run by physicists, and for the hardest calculations, the quantum computer bested the supercomputer. This is evidence for the utility of today's noisy quantum computers for performing real-world calculations.

  • Schrödinger's cat makes better qubits

    Updated: 2023-06-08 05:09:40
    Drawing from Schrodinger's cat thought experiment, scientists have built a 'critical cat code' qubit that uses bosons to store and process information in a way that is more reliable and resistant to errors than previous qubit designs.

  • New superconducting diode could improve performance of quantum computers and artificial intelligence

    Updated: 2023-06-06 16:17:25
    A team has developed a more energy-efficient, tunable superconducting diode -- a promising component for future electronic devices -- that could help scale up quantum computers for industry and improve artificial intelligence systems.

  • Researchers demonstrate secure information transfer using spatial correlations in quantum entangled beams of light

    Updated: 2023-06-05 23:12:36
    Researchers have demonstrated the principle of using spatial correlations in quantum entangled beams of light to encode information and enable its secure transmission.

  • The 'breath' between atoms -- a new building block for quantum technology

    Updated: 2023-06-01 20:59:57
    Researchers have discovered they can detect atomic 'breathing,' or the mechanical vibration between two layers of atoms, by observing the type of light those atoms emitted when stimulated by a laser. The sound of this atomic 'breath' could help researchers encode and transmit quantum information.

  • Understanding the tantalizing benefits of tantalum for improved quantum processors

    Updated: 2023-05-31 20:01:58
    Researchers working to improve the performance of superconducting qubits, the foundation of quantum computers, have been experimenting using different base materials in an effort to increase the coherent lifetimes of qubits. The coherence time is a measure of how long a qubit retains quantum information, and thus a primary measure of performance. Recently, scientists discovered that using tantalum in superconducting qubits makes them perform better, but no one has been able to determine why -- until now.

  • Symmetry breaking by ultrashort light pulses opens new quantum pathways for coherent phonons

    Updated: 2023-05-30 05:54:40
    Researchers have demonstrated a novel concept for exciting and probing coherent phonons in crystals of a transiently broken symmetry. The key of this concept lies in reducing the symmetry of a crystal by appropriate optical excitation, as has been shown with the prototypical crystalline semimetal bismuth (Bi).

  • Forging a dream material with semiconductor quantum dots

    Updated: 2023-05-26 05:10:42
    Researchers have succeeded in creating a 'superlattice' of semiconductor quantum dots that can behave like a metal, potentially imparting exciting new properties to this popular class of materials.

  • Quantum scientists accurately measure power levels one trillion times lower than usual

    Updated: 2023-05-25 19:12:36
    Scientists have developed a nanodevice that can measure the absolute power of microwave radiation down to the femtowatt level at ultra-low temperatures -- a scale trillion times lower than routinely used in verifiable power measurements. The device has the potential to significantly advance microwave measurements in quantum technology.

  • Stretching metals at the atomic level allows researchers to create important materials for quantum, electronic, and spintronic applications

    Updated: 2023-05-22 18:12:47
    A University of Minnesota Twin Cities-led team has developed a first-of-its-kind breakthrough method that makes it easier to create high-quality metal oxide films that are important for various next generation applications such as quantum computing and microelectronics.

  • Uncovering universal physics in the dynamics of a quantum system

    Updated: 2023-05-18 05:08:46
    New experiments using one-dimensional gases of ultra-cold atoms reveal a universality in how quantum systems composed of many particles change over time following a large influx of energy that throws the system out of equilibrium.

  • Curved spacetime in a quantum simulator

    Updated: 2023-05-17 05:21:29
    The connection between quantum physics and the theory of relativity is extremely hard to study. But now, scientists have set up a model system, which can help: Quantum particles can be tuned in such a way that the results can be translated into information about other systems, which are much harder to observe. This kind of 'quantum simulator' works very well and can lead to new insights about the nature of relativity and quantum physics.

  • Researcher uses artificial intelligence to discover new materials for advanced computing

    Updated: 2023-05-11 21:45:16
    Researchers have identified novel van der Waals (vdW) magnets using cutting-edge tools in artificial intelligence (AI). In particular, the team identified transition metal halide vdW materials with large magnetic moments that are predicted to be chemically stable using semi-supervised learning. These two-dimensional (2D) vdW magnets have potential applications in data storage, spintronics, and even quantum computing.

  • Leaky-wave metasurfaces: A perfect interface between free-space and integrated optical systems

    Updated: 2023-05-08 16:40:11
    Researchers have developed a new class of integrated photonic devices -- 'leaky-wave metasurfaces' -- that convert light initially confined in an optical waveguide to an arbitrary optical pattern in free space. These are the first to demonstrate simultaneous control of all four optical degrees of freedom. Because they're so thin, transparent, and compatible with photonic integrated circuits, they can be used to improve optical displays, LIDAR, optical communications, and quantum optics.

  • Symmetric graphene quantum dots for future qubits

    Updated: 2023-05-08 15:49:27
    Quantum dots in semiconductors such as silicon or gallium arsenide have long been considered hot candidates for hosting quantum bits in future quantum processors. Scientists have now shown that bilayer graphene has even more to offer here than other materials. The double quantum dots they have created are characterized by a nearly perfect electron-hole-symmetry that allows a robust read-out mechanism -- one of the necessary criteria for quantum computing.

  • Quantum lidar prototype acquires real-time 3D images while fully submerged underwater

    Updated: 2023-05-04 20:56:56
    Researchers have demonstrated a prototype lidar system that uses quantum detection technology to acquire 3D images while submerged underwater. The high sensitivity of this system could allow it to capture detailed information even in extremely low-light conditions found underwater.

  • Researchers develop manual for engineering spin dynamics in nanomagnets

    Updated: 2023-05-04 20:40:31
    An international team of researchers has developed a comprehensive manual for engineering spin dynamics in nanomagnets -- an important step toward advancing spintronic and quantum-information technologies.

  • Quan­tum com­puter in reverse gear

    Updated: 2023-05-04 14:49:50
    Large numbers can only be factorized with a great deal of computational effort. Physicists are now providing a blueprint for a new type of quantum computer to solve the factorization problem, which is a cornerstone of modern cryptography.

  • Quantum entanglement of photons doubles microscope resolution

    Updated: 2023-05-02 18:22:44
    Using a "spooky" phenomenon of quantum physics, researchers have discovered a way to double the resolution of light microscopes.

  • Tunneling electrons

    Updated: 2023-04-27 02:05:03
    By superimposing two laser fields of different strengths and frequency, the electron emission of metals can be measured and controlled precisely to a few attoseconds. Physicists have shown that this is the case. The findings could lead to new quantum-mechanical insights and enable electronic circuits that are a million times faster than today.

  • Scientists demonstrate unprecedented sensitivity in measuring time delay between two photons

    Updated: 2023-04-25 16:12:21
    A team of researchers has demonstrated the ultimate sensitivity allowed by quantum physics in measuring the time delay between two photons. This breakthrough has significant implications for a range of applications, including more feasible imaging of nanostructures, including biological samples, and nanomaterial surfaces, as well as quantum enhanced estimation based on frequency-resolved boson sampling in optical networks.

  • Scientists have full state of a quantum liquid down cold

    Updated: 2023-04-24 18:35:53
    A team of physicists has illuminated certain properties of quantum systems by observing how their fluctuations spread over time. The research offers an intricate understanding of a complex phenomenon that is foundational to quantum computing.

  • Putting hydrogen on solid ground: Simulations with a machine learning model predict a new phase of solid hydrogen

    Updated: 2023-04-22 00:50:32
    Hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe, is found everywhere from the dust filling most of outer space to the cores of stars to many substances here on Earth. This would be reason enough to study hydrogen, but its individual atoms are also the simplest of any element with just one proton and one electron.

  • Quantum entanglement could make accelerometers and dark matter sensors more accurate

    Updated: 2023-04-20 18:53:14
    The 'spooky action at a distance' that once unnerved Einstein may be on its way to being as pedestrian as the gyroscopes that currently measure acceleration in smartphones.

  • Two qudits fully entangled

    Updated: 2023-04-20 16:01:25
    Recently quantum computers started to work with more than just the zeros and ones we know from classical computers. Now a team demonstrates a way to efficiently create entanglement of such high-dimensional systems to enable more powerful calculations.

  • Quantum computer applied to chemistry

    Updated: 2023-04-20 13:07:08
    There are high expectations that quantum computers may deliver revolutionary new possibilities for simulating chemical processes. This could have a major impact on everything from the development of new pharmaceuticals to new materials. Researchers have now used a quantum computer to undertake calculations within a real-life case in chemistry.

  • Embracing variations: Physicists analyze noise in Lambda-type quantum memory

    Updated: 2023-04-20 01:19:28
    In the future, communications networks and computers will use information stored in objects governed by the microscopic laws of quantum mechanics. This capability can potentially underpin communication with greatly enhanced security and computers with unprecedented power. A vital component of these technologies will be memory devices capable of storing quantum information to be retrieved at will.

  • Rock, paper, scissors: Searching for stronger nonlocality using quantum computers

    Updated: 2023-04-19 14:55:35
    In the quantum world particles can instantaneously know about each other's state, even when separated by large distances. This is known as nonlocality. Now, A research group has produced some interesting findings on the Hardy nonlocality that have important ramifications for understanding quantum mechanics and its potential applications in communications.

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